So to ask ‘What is Osteoarthritis?'
We really need to ask the question..
What is Inflammation?
My take: Inflammation is the protective response to anything harmful.
It keeps us safe by recruiting the cells needed to eliminate the underlying cause.
This defensive response ranges in severity and timescale depending on the cause, the size of the cause, and how effective the response is.
The response to an acute joint injury leads to increased blood flow.
Fluid, cells and molecules then flow / diffuse / move into the joint:
Plasma,
White blood cells and
Immune system molecules
..all shift from the blood into the joint to deal with the underlying cause and kick-start repair.
These changes swell the joint.
Pain fibres are stretched and trigger
And, slowly, the underlying cause is cleared..
Rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function are the 5x classic signs of acute inflammation.
That's what we feel as pain in the groin (hip) or on the inside of the knee.
It's all about the '-itis'..
Inflammation in the joint hopefully settles back to ‘normal’ over a few days or weeks. The pain + swelling slowly settles.
Joint inflammation can follow a one-off injury to one joint
..be triggered by an underlying whole-body disease,
..or affect multiple joints across a whole lifetime.
Or, in most people with hip or knee pain.
The root cause is a subtle difference in underlying anatomy.
We now know a lot more about what we used to call ‘primary’ hip + knee osteoarthritis.